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This review presents an integrated examination of recent advances in sustainable engineering, linking circular economy strategies, renewable energy applications, and water reuse technologies within a unified framework of resource efficiency. Unlike existing literature that discusses these areas separately, this study synthesises their interrelationships and identifies how combined implementation can accelerate sustainability outcomes. The review assesses current practices in sustainable construction, life cycle assessment, renewable energy deployment, and industrial and municipal water reuse, drawing on case studies from Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and China. Trends, challenges, and research gaps are critically assessed, highlighting the need for large-scale validation, standardised assessment metrics, and supportive regulatory mechanisms. The paper presents a conceptual framework that connects materials, energy, and water efficiency and outlines actionable directions for engineers and researchers to scale sustainable engineering solutions.
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